21 Mavuto omanga ndi mayankho a khoma la khomo lophunzirira!

01

Youma pang'onopang'ono

Utoto utatha, filimu ya utoto siyouma nthawi yochulukirapo, yomwe imatchedwa kuyanika pang'onopang'ono. Ngati filimu ya utoto yapangidwa, koma padakali chala chomata, chimatchedwanso mbendera.

Zoyambitsa:

1. Makanema a penti omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutsuka ndi wandiweyani.

2. Chipinda choyambirira cha utoto chawuma, gwiritsani ntchito chovala chachiwiri.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito zouma zolakwika.

4..

5. Pamwambapamwamba siyikuuma kwathunthu.

Njira:

1. Pakudetsa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndikumatsatira, mpweya wabwino umatha kulimbikitsidwa ndipo kutentha kumatha kuukitsidwa moyenera.

2. Kwa kanema wa penti ndi kuwuma pang'onopang'ono kapena kumasuka kwambiri, iyenera kutsukidwa ndi zosungunulira mwamphamvu ndikugulitsanso.

02

Pakatikati: Mukatha kupaka utoto, filimu ya utoto imakhala powdery

Zoyambitsa:

1. Nyengo ya nyengo yokutidwa ndi utoto.

2. Chithandizo cha khoma.

3. Kutentha pautoto kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, ndikupangitsa mapangidwe a filimu.

4. Utoto umasakanizidwa ndi madzi ochuluka kwambiri mukapaka utoto.

Yankho la kutsatsa:

Yeretsani ufa woyamba, ndiye plime ndi primer yabwino, kenako ndikutulutsa utoto weniweni ndi nyengo yabwino.

03

Kuchulukitsa ndi kuzimiririka

Choyambitsa:

1. Chinyezi mu gawo lapansi chili lalitali kwambiri, ndipo mchere wamchere wa madzi umakhala pamwamba pa khoma, kuyambitsa kusinthasintha ndi kuzimiririka.

2. Utoto wotsika mtengo supangidwa ndi mchenga wachilengedwe, ndipo maziko ake ndi alkaline, omwe amawononga utoto kapena utoto wofooka alkali kukana.

3. Nyengo Yoyipa.

4. Kusankhidwa kosankhidwa kosayenera.

Yankho:

Ngati mukuwona izi pomanga, mutha kupukuta kapena kufowoka pamalowo, kusiya simenti kwathunthu, kenako ndikusankha utoto wabwino kwambiri.

04

Kusenda ndi kuwonekera

Choyambitsa:

Chifukwa cha chinyezi chapansi cha maziko, chithandizo chapamwamba sichili choyera, ndipo njira yotsuka si yolakwika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito propurry yotsika idzayambitsa utoto kuchokera pansi.

Yankho:

Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuwunika ngati khoma likutulutsa. Ngati pali kutayikira, muyenera kuthetsa vuto la kutaya. Kenako, pezani utoto wa peeled ndi zida zotayirira, ikani zolimba panthaka, kenako ndikusindikiza wotsatira.

05

thudza

Filimuyo itatha youma, padzakhala zigawo zobiriwira zamitundu yosiyanasiyana pamtunda, zomwe zimatha kukhala zotanuka pang'ono mukapanikizidwa ndi manja.

Choyambitsa:

1. Mpata wosanjikiza ndi wonyowa, ndipo madziwo amapangitsa kuti kanema wa utoto ukhale chithumi.

2. Mukapopera mpweya, pamakhala nthunzi yamadzi mu mpweya wopanikiza, womwe umasakanikirana ndi utoto.

3. Wotsatira sauma kwathunthu, ndipo topcoat imayikidwanso ikakumana ndi mvula. Prorimer ili youma, gasi imapangidwa kuti ikweze pamwamba pa topcoat.

Yankho:

Ngati filimu ya utoto imasungidwa pang'ono, imatha kusalala ndi sandpaper yamadzi mutaumba utoto, kenako pamwamba pa topcoat idakonzedwa; Ngati filimu ya utoto ili yovuta kwambiri, filimu ya utoto iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndipo maziko a maziko ayenera kuuma. , kenako utsi utoto weniweni.

06

Kulembera (komwe kumadziwikanso ngati kuluma pansi)

Cholinga cha mawonekedwe ophatikizira ndi:

Mukatsuka, prider sikuti ndi youma kwathunthu, ndipo kunenepa kwambiri kwa chovala chapamwamba kumatupa choyambirira, ndikupangitsa kanema wa penti kuti asamalire ndi peel.

Yankho:

Kuchita zomangamanga kuyenera kuchitika molingana ndi nthawi yomwe itakhazikitsidwa, kuphatikizika sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakuya, ndipo topcoat iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo poyambiranso.

07

Sikirani

Pamasamba omanga, utoto umatha kupezeka kuti amasambira kapena kuwuluka m'makoma, ndikuwoneka ngati misozi kapena mwazowoneka bwino kwambiri monga momwe ma teardrops amadziwika.

Cholinga ndi:

1. Filimu ya utoto ndiyandiwe nthawi imodzi.

2. Chiwerengero cha direli chenjezo ndichokwera kwambiri.

3. Burashi mwachindunji pa utoto wakale utoto womwe sunasiyidwe.

Yankho:

1. Ikani kangapo, nthawi iliyonse ndi woonda wosanjikiza.

2. Chepetsani chiwerengero cha kuchepa.

3. Sabata yojambula yakale ya chinthucho chokhazikika ndi sandpaper.

08

Makwinya: filimu ya utoto imapanga makwinya

Choyambitsa:

1. Makanema a utoto ndi wandiweyani ndipo pamwamba amachepa.

2. Mtengo wachiwiri wa penti umayikidwa, chovala choyamba sichimauma.

3. Matenthedwe ake ndi okwera kwambiri mukayanika.

Yankho:

Pofuna kupewa izi, pewani kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso burashi mobwerezabwereza. Pakatikati pa utoto awiri wa utoto uyenera kukhala wokwanira, ndipo ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti filimu yoyamba ya utoto imawuma musanayambe chovala chachiwiri.

09

Kukhalapo kwa mtanda kumakhala kovuta kwambiri

Choyambitsa:

Chosanjikiza cha pamwambachi sichinamvere chidwi pa gululi pazinthu zomanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti atuluke.

Yankho:

Kumanja, gawo lililonse lomanga liyenera kutsatiridwa kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa kuipitsidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, titha kusankha zojambula zautumiki, kutentha kwambiri ndi kukana kwa radio yolimba kudzaza, zomwe zingatsimikizire kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa.

10

Kutulutsa Kwambiri

Choyambitsa:

Dera lalikulu la​​Matalala matope amapeza nthawi yopuma pang'onopang'ono, yomwe idzayambitsa kusokonekera ndi kung'ung'udza; Mt-217 Bentonite imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu utoto weniweni, ndipo zomangamanga ndizosalala komanso zosavuta kuzikoka.

Yankho:

Chitani mankhwala ogawika, komanso ofanana ndi matope nthawi yopaka maziko a nyumba.

11

Kufuula polumikizana ndi madzi, madzi osauka

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

Zovala zazing'onozing'ono zimayatsidwa zoyera mutatsukidwa ndikunyowa mvula, ndikubwerera ku malo awo oyambira atatha nyengo itatha. Uku ndikuwonetsera mwachindunji kwa madzi osauka a kukana kwa miyala yamiyala yeniyeni.

1. Mtundu wa emulsion ndi wotsika

Pofuna kuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa emulsion, emulsions yotsika kapena yotsika-yotsika nthawi zambiri imawonjezera kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kukana madzi a emulsion.

2. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta odzola

Mtengo wa emulsion kwambiri ndi wokwera. Pofuna kupulumutsa ndalama, wopanga amangowonjezera emulsion pang'ono, kotero kuti filimu ya utoto weniweni ndi yopanda kanthu, madzi oyamwa amachepetsedwa. Nyengo yamvula ya nthawi, madzi amvumbi adzalowa mu filimu ya utoto, kupangitsa utoto weniweni kuti usayake woyera.

3. Thupi lambiri

Opanga akapanga utoto weniweni, nthawi zambiri amawonjezera ma carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxethyl cellulose, etc. ngati otsatsa. Zinthu izi ndi zosungunuka madzi kapena hydrophilic, ndikukhalabe zokutira pambuyo pokutidwa mufilimu. Amachepetsa kwambiri kumwa madzi okutira.

Yankho:

1. Sankhani odzola kwambiri

Opanga amafunikira kusankha ma acrylic okwera ma polics omwe amakaniza madzi abwino ngati zinthu zopanga mafilimu kuti zithandizire kusanjana kwa miyala yeniyeni kuchokera ku gwero lenileni.

2. Onjezani kuchuluka kwa emulsion

Wopanga amafunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa emulsion, ndipo amayesa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa emulsision ya utoto wowonjezeredwa kuti awonetsetse kuti filimu yopendekera imapezeka pambuyo pa mwala weniweni umayikika kuti aletse kuwuluka kwa madzi amvula.

3. Sinthani gawo la hydrophilic zinthu

Kuti muwonetsetse kukhazikika ndi kugwirira ntchito, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zinthu za hydphiric monga cellolic. Chinsinsi chake ndikupeza malo oyenera, omwe amafunikira opanga kuti aphunzire katundu wa hydrophilic monga ma cellulose kudzera mayeso ambiri. Kuchuluka koyenera. Sizingotsimikizira zotsatira za malonda, komanso zimachepetsa mphamvu pamadzi kukana.

12

Spray splash, zinyalala zazikulu

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

Zojambula zina zamiyala zenizeni zimataya mchenga kapena ngakhale zimawazungulira pomwe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Zovuta kwambiri, pafupifupi 1/3 mwa utoto zimatha kuwonongeka.

1. Kugawana kwamphamvu kwa miyala

Tizilombo tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapota mu utoto wa mwala sungagwiritse ntchito ma yunifolomu, ndipo ziyenera kusakanikirana ndikufanana ndi tinthu tatisi osiyanasiyana.

2. Ntchito Zomanga Zolakwika

Zitha kukhala kuti kuwombera kwa mfuti ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa mfuti sikusankhidwa bwino komanso zinthu zina kungayambitsenso kufalikira.

3. Kuchulukitsa kosayenera

Kusintha kosayenera kwa utoto kumathanso kugwetsa mchenga ndikugwetsa mukapopera, komwe kumawononga kwambiri zinthu.

Yankho:

1. Sinthani miyala ya gravel

Mwakuwona malowo, amapezeka kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mwala wosweka kwachilengedwe ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe a utoto azikhala otsika; Kugwiritsa ntchito mwala wosweka ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa tinthu kungayambitse kufalikira ndi mchenga. kukwaniritsa kufanana.

2. Sinthani zomangamanga

Ngati ndi mfuti, muyenera kusintha kuti muchepetse mfuti ndi kukakamizidwa.

3. Sinthani utoto wa utoto

Ngati kusasinthika kwa utoto ndi chifukwa, kusasinthika ndikofunikira kusintha.

13

utoto weniweni

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

1. Mphamvu ya Ph ya maziko, ngati PH ili ndi wamkulu kuposa 9, idzatsogolera pazinthu zophukira.

2. Panthawi yomanga, makulidwe osagwirizana ndi makulidwe amakula. Kuphatikiza apo, utoto wocheperako wa mwala wowombera ndipo filimu yopyapyala imapangitsanso kuyenda.

3. Popanga utoto weniweni, kuphatikiza kwa cellulose ndi kukwera kwambiri, komwe ndikomwe zimayambitsa maluwa.

Yankho:

1. Kuwongolera mosamalitsa pH ya maziko osanjikiza, ndikugwiritsa ntchito primer yolimbana ndi alkali-yolimbana ndi chithandizo chamasana kuti muchepetse mpweya wa alkaline.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito kuchuluka kwa zomangamanga, musadule ngodya, kuchuluka kwachinsinsi kwa utoto weniweni ndi pafupifupi 3.0-4.5kg / lalikulu mita

3.

14

Mwala weniweni wa penti chikasu

Chikasu cha utoto weniweni ndikungoti mtunduwo umasanduka wachikasu, womwe umakhudza mawonekedwe ake.

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

Opanga amagwiritsa ntchito ma acrylic emulsions ngati omanga. Emulsions idzawola mukamawonekera ku ma utoto a ultraviolet kuchokera ku dzuwa, kusintha zinthu zachilengedwe, ndipo pambuyo pake zimayambitsa chifaliri.

Yankho:

Opanga amafunikira kusankha ma emulsions apamwamba kwambiri ngati omangirira kuti akweze malonda.

15

Filimu ya penti ndi yofewa kwambiri

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

Kanema weniweni wa Mwala uzikhala wovuta kwambiri ndipo sungakokedwe ndi zikhadabo. Makanema ofewa kwambiri amapezeka makamaka chifukwa chosankhidwa mosayenera kapena zotsika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale osakwanira okutidwa ndi filimu ya utoto.

Yankho:

Mukamapanga utoto weniweni, opanga safunikira kusankha emulsion ngati utoto wa latex, koma kusankha njira yolumikizira yophatikizira ndi kutentha kwa mafilimu.

16

Chilichonse Kuchotsedwa

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

Mbali yomweyo yomwe ija siyigwiritsidwa ntchito pakhoma limodzi, ndipo pali kusiyana pakati pa zigamba ziwiri za utoto. Mtundu wa zojambula za mwala weniweni umazindikiridwa kwathunthu ndi mtundu wa mchenga ndi mwala. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mulailogical, gulu lililonse la mchenga limakhala losiyana. Chifukwa chake, mukamalowa zinthu, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wachikuda zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi gulu lomwelo. Zonse kuti muchepetse mawu achilengedwe. Utoto utasungidwa, utoto wosanjikiza kapena woyandama umawonekera pamtunda, ndipo siyosambitsidwa kwathunthu kuwirikiza.

Yankho:

Mbali yomweyo yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito khoma lomwelo momwe mungathere; Utoto uyenera kuyikidwa mu ma bakes nthawi yosungirako; Iyenera kusunthidwa kwathunthu musanapuma musanagwiritse ntchito; Mukadyetsa zida, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mzere womwewo wa mchenga wachikuda womwe umakonzedwa ndi mikangano, ndipo batch yonse iyenera kuyitanitsa nthawi imodzi. .

17

Chiputu chopanda tanthauzo komanso chodziwikiratu

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

Gulu lomwelo lomwelo siligwiritsidwa ntchito; Utoto wake umayatsidwa kapena woyandama akuyandama nthawi yosungirako, ndipo utoto sunasunthidwe kwathunthu kuwirikiza, ndipo ufa wa utoto ndi wosiyana; Kupanikizika kwa mpweya ndikosakhwimitsa kupopera mbewu; mainchesi a spray hezzy amasintha chifukwa chovala kapena kuyika polemba popatsira; Chiwerengero chosakanikirako ndicholondola, kusakaniza kwa zinthu kumakhala kosagwirizana; Kukula kwa chitoliro sikugwirizana; Mabowo omangawo sanatseke nthawi kapena kudzazidwa pambuyo poti kudzazidwa ndi chiputu; Konzekerani kuti zisungunuke kuti zisungunuke zam'mwamba zam'manja zimawonekera bwino.

Yankho:

Opanga kapena opanga ayenera kukonzedwa kuti athe kudziletsa monga kusakaniza quio ndi kusasinthika; mabowo omanga kapena malo otseguka ayenera kutsekedwa ndikukonzedwa pasadakhale; Mbali yomweyo yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe mungathere; Utoto uyenera kusungidwa mu ma batchi, ndipo uyenera kulimbikitsidwa kwathunthu kuwiritsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana; Onani mphuno ya utsi mu nthawi yomwe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndikusintha kukakamizidwa; Panthawi yomanga, ziputuzo ziyenera kuponyedwa kunyanja ya gridi kapena malo omwe chitoliro sichidziwika. Kukuta makulidwe, kuti musamalumitse zokutira kuti zipange mithunzi yosiyanasiyana.

18

Kukuta kwamvula, kupindika, kusokonekera

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

Chinyontho chomwe chimakhala cham'munsi chimakhala chokwera kwambiri pakumanga; Matope a simenti ndi konkriti wosanjikiza sakhala wamphamvu chifukwa chokwanira zaka zosakwanira kapena kulimba mtima kwamphamvu kwambiri, kapena chiwerengero chotsika kwambiri pakumanga; Palibe pansi yotsekedwa; Kuphimba kwapamwamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaso pa zokutira kwakukulu ndikouma; Kusanjikiza kwamunsi kumasweka, zoponyera pansi sizigawidwa monga momwe zimafunikira, kapena miyala inayake yogawika ndi yayikulu; Malo a simenti ndi akulu kwambiri, ndipo kupukuta kumakhala kosiyana, komwe kumapangika ndi ming'alu ndi ming'alu, yopingasa pansi ndipo imasokoneza pansi. Matope a simenti sakhala ndi zigawo kuti awonetsetse kuti mawonekedwe a pansi pamtunda; Kupopera kwambiri nthawi imodzi, kutunga kwakuda kwambiri, komanso kuchepa kwa zinthu mosayenera; Zofooka pakuchirira, etc. ndizosavuta kupangitsa kuti zokumbazo zitheke; Nyengo kutentha ndikokulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti liwiro losiyanasiyana la zigawo zamkati ndi kunja, ndipo ming'alu imapangidwa pomwe mawonekedwe ali owuma ndipo mawonekedwe amkati siuma.

Yankho:

Priner iyenera kugawidwa malinga ndi zofunikira; Munjira yopaka malo osanjikiza, matope a matope ayenera kusakanikirana mosamalitsa ndikuyika zokhazikitsidwa kuyenera kuchitika; Ntchito yomanga iyenera kuchitika molingana ndi njira zomangamanga; mtundu wa zinthu zopangira ziyenera kulamulidwa mosamalitsa; Kusanjikiza kwambiri, yesani kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa osanjikiza aliyense, ndipo mtunda wotsatsa uyenera kukhala wocheperako pang'ono.

19

Kukuta Kuchotsa, Kuwonongeka

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

Chinyontho chomwe chimakhala cham'munsi cham'munsi chimakhala chokulira pakumanga; yakhala ikukhudzidwa kunja; Kutentha koopsa kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti pafanane ndi mafashoni. Nthawi yochotsa tepiyo siyingakhale yovuta kapena njirayi ndiyosayenera, chifukwa chowonongeka ndi zokutira; Palibe miyendo yolowera ya simenti yomwe imapangidwa pansi pa khoma lakunja; osagwiritsidwa ntchito chofananira kumbuyo.

Yankho:

Ntchito yomanga idzachitika malinga ndi njira zomangira ndi zokambirana; Chidwi chidzalipiridwa ku chitetezo cha zinthu zomalizidwa pomanga.

20

Kuipitsidwa Kwambiri ndi Kuchulukitsa Pakamanga

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

Mtundu wa utoto umazirala, ndipo utoto umasintha chifukwa cha mphepo, mvula, mawonekedwe a dzuwa; Kutsatira Kwa Zoyenera Pakati pa Mfundo zosiyanasiyana pakupangana kumayambitsa kuipitsidwa.

Yankho:

Akufunika kusankha utoto ndi anti-urraviolet, ukalamba ndi ukalamba ndi zoletsa dzuwa, komanso kuwongolera madzi pomanga, ndipo musataye mtundu womwewo; Pofuna kupewa kuipitsa pamtunda wosanjikiza, bwezerani utoto womaliza mukamaliza maola 24. Mukamatsuka, samalani kuti muchepetse kapena kukhala wandiweyani kuti mumveke. Panthawi yomanga, ntchitoyo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi njira zomangira kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa kapena kuwonongeka pomanga.

21

Yin yang angle kusweka

Phenomenon ndi zifukwa zazikulu:

Nthawi zina ming'alu imawoneka ku makona a yin ndi yang. Makona a yin ndi yang ndi malo awiri ophatikizika. Panthawi yowuma, padzakhala malangizo awiri osiyanasiyana omwe amagwira pa filimu ya utoto pa yin ndi makona a yang nthawi yomweyo, zomwe ndizosavuta kusweka.

Yankho:

Ngati yin ndi yang ngodya zaming'alu zimapezeka, gwiritsani ntchito mfuti yopukutira kachiwiri, ndikuthiranso theka la ola mpaka ming'aluyo idakutidwa; Kwa makona a yini ndi ayitano atsopano, samalani kuti musankhe mwamphamvu nthawi imodzi pomwe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito njira yopyapyala yambiri. , mfuti yopukusira iyenera kukhala kutali, kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe ayenera kusala, ndipo sikungathe kuwazidwa molunjika ku makondo a yini ndi yang. Itha kufalikira, ndiye kuti, utsi ndi mbali ziwiri, kotero kuti m'mphepete mwa duwa la nkhungu limasesa mu yin ndi ngodya za yang.