Kupanga kwa zomera zomera

Pali mitundu yambiri yazomera zomera, koma kapangidwe kawo koyambira sikusiyana pang'ono, makamaka ndi shuga.

. Zomera zosiyanasiyana zomera zimakhala ndi zomwe zili mkati mwazinthu zonse. Izi zikulengeza mwachidule zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu za zomera zomera:

Cellulose ether, liglin ndi heminellilose.

1.3 kapangidwe koyambirira kwa zomera zomera

1.3.1.1 Cellulose

Cellulose ndi macrorolecular polysaccharide yopangidwa ndi D-Glucose ndi β-1,4 glycosiidic. Ndiye woyamba kwambiri komanso wambiri padziko lapansi.

Polymer yachilengedwe. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala nthawi zambiri amaimiridwa ndi mawonekedwe ndi mipando ya Hamurver yogwirizana, pomwe n ndi digiri ya polysaccharide polymerization.

Cellulose carbohydratet xylan

arabinoxylan

glucuronide xylan

glucuronide Arabinoxylan

glucomannan

Galactogluglucocomon

arabinogalacctin

Wowuma, pectin ndi ena osungunuka shuga

Zosagwirizana

liglin

Kuchotsa limids, ligrols, ma nayirogenous mankhwala, mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Hemichelsulose polyhexothelypen Polymannose polygalalactoctose

Ma terpenes, acid acids, mafuta acids, steroul, mankhwala onunkhira, tannins

Zomera

1.4 kapangidwe ka mankhwala a cellulose

1.3.1.2 Lignin

Chigawo choyambira cha Lignpropane, chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi zomangira za CC ndi ma embi.

mtundu wa polimmer. Mu chomera, chosanjikiza cholumikizira chili ndi Lignin kwambiri,

Zinthu zamkati zinachepa, koma zokhala ndi zing'onozing'ono zidakwera mmatumba amkati. Monga gawo lazolowera, lignin ndi hemafimerals

Onse pamodzi amadzaza pakati pa ulusi wa chipinda cha cell, potero kumalimbikitsa khoma la cell ya chomera minofu.

1.5

1.3.1.3 Himinellilose

Mosiyana ndi Ligmin, Himinellose ndi hertopolymer yopangidwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya monoscharides. Malinga ndi izi

Mitundu ya shuga ndi kupezeka kwa magulu kapena kusowa kwa magulu a acyl amatha kugawidwa, arabinosyl (4-o-methylglucuronic acid) -xlan,

Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-o-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, etc. mkati,

50% ya minod minod minofu ndi xylan, omwe ali pamtunda wa microfibrils ya celloling komanso kuphatikizidwa ndi ulusi.

Amapanga ma cell a maselo omwe amalumikizidwa kwathunthu wina ndi mnzake.

1.4 Cholinga chofufuzira, tanthauzo ndi zomwe zili m'mutuwu

1.4.1 cholinga ndi tanthauzo la kafukufukuyu

Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu ndikusankha mitundu itatu yoyimira kudzera pakuwunikira zinthu zina za mbewu zomera.

Cellulose amachotsedwa ku chomera. Sankhani Wothandizika Woyenera, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito cellulose yochotsedwa kuti ikonzekeretse thonje kuti isinthane ndikusinthidwa kuti ikonzekere fiber.

Vitamini ether. Ma ether a cellulose adayikidwa kujambulidwa ndi zolembedwa, ndipo pamapeto pake zotsatira zosindikiza zidafanizidwa kuti zidziwe zambiri

Cellulose etrars zosindikiza zojambula zojambula.

Choyamba, kafukufuku wa mutuwu wathetsa vuto la kuwononga ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe kwa chomera chonyansa china.

Nthawi yomweyo, njira yatsopano imawonjezeredwa ku cellulose. Kachiwiri, kocheperako koopsa kwa chloroceacetate ndi 2-chloroethanol amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira,

M'malo mwa zoopsa kwambiri acid, cellulose ether adakonzedwa ndikuyikidwa ndi thonje la thonje lolemba, ndi sodium labwino

Kafukufuku pa zolowe m'malo ali ndi chitsogozo china chowongolera, komanso ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu komanso kufunika kwa mtengo.

Fiber Wall Lignin adasungunuka Ligromole Macromolecules Cellulose

9

1.4.2 Zofufuza

1.4.2.1 Kuchotsa cellulose kubzala zomera

Choyamba, zigawo zikuluzikulu za zomera zimayesedwa ndikusanthula, ndipo zomera zitatu zoimira zimasankhidwa kuti zithetse ulusi.

Mavitamini. Kenako, njira yochotsera cellulose idalimbikitsidwa ndikuchiritsa kwathunthu kwa alkali ndi asidi. Pomaliza, UV

Matalala Speproscopy, FTIR ndi Xrd adagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zinthuzo.

1.4.2 Kukonzekera kwa celluse et

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma cellulose osenda mitengo yamtundu wa paini, kunakopeka ndi Alkali, kenako kuyesa kwa orthogonal ndi kuyesa kwa zinthu kunagwiritsidwa ntchito,

Njira zakukonzekera kwa CMC, Hec ndi Hecmc adalimbikitsidwa motsatana.

Cellulose yokonzekereratu imadziwika ndi FTIR, H-NMR ndi Xrd.

1.4.2.3 Kugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ether paste

Mitundu itatu ya cellulose ya edium ndi sodium osintha ngati malo oyambira, ndipo madzi opanga, madzi omwe amagwirizira mphamvu ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa maschera oyambirirawo adayesedwa.

Zoyambira zoyambira zinayi zoyambirira zimafanizidwa ndi ulemu ku katundu ndi kukhazikika kosungira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu ya cellulose ndi sodium kumakhazikika ngati phala loyambirira, utoto wosindikiza, amagwira ntchito yosindikiza, pitani patebulo la kuyesapo

Kuyerekeza 3cellulose earsndi

Kusindikiza katundu wa sodium yabwino.

1.4.3 Zolemba Zosachedwa Zofufuza

.

Njira yatsopano, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mpaka pamlingo wina, zimathetsa vuto la kuwononga zinyalala zopangira zinthu zopangira ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe; ndi kukonza chiberekero

Njira yoduputsira.

.

Khansasi), ndi zina zovulaza kwambiri kwa thupi laumunthu ndi chilengedwe. Mu pepala ili, malo othandiza kwambiri sodium chlorocetate ndi 2-chloroethanol amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira.

M'malo mwa chlorooacetic acid ndi ethylene oxide, cellulose yokonzedwa. .

onani.