1. Mitundu ya otuwa ndi makina okumbika
(1) Inorganic Thickener:
Otsanulira ochulukirapo pamakina okhazikika m'madzi makamaka amakangana. Monga: Bentonite. Kaolin ndi diatomeous dziko (gawo lalikulu ndi Sio2, lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe abwino) nthawi zina limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizanso ngati makina omangirira chifukwa choyimitsidwa. Bentonite amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha madzi ake apamwamba. Bentonite (Bentonite), omwe amadziwikanso kuti Bentonite, Bentonite, ndi zina zokulirapo (Na, CA) (Al, mg) 6 (SI4O10) 3 (oh) 6 • Nh2o. Kukula kwa bentonite kumafotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa bentonite atatupa muyeso wa ma hydrochloric acid amatchedwa kukula, kufotokozedwa mu ML / GRIG. Pambuyo pa Thicnite Tricker imatenga madzi ndi kutukwana kawiri kawiri musanalowe m'madzi, kotero ili ndi kuyimitsidwa bwino ndi kukula kwa tinthu tambiri, ndizosiyana ndi ufa wina munjira yolumikizira. Thupi limakhala ndi vuto labwino. Kuphatikiza apo, uku akupanga kuyimitsidwa, kumatha kuyendetsa ufa wina kuti apange mphamvu ina yotsutsa, motero ndikothandiza kwambiri kukonza kusungunuka kwa dongosololi.
Koma a Abentino odziwika bwino kwambiri amasinthidwa kuchokera ku calntium ku Bentein pogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa sodium. Pa nthawi yomweyo ya sodiumrization, ambiri a mays abwino monga calcium ma ion ndi sodium ions amapangidwa. Ngati zomwe zili munthawi iyi m'dongosololi ndizokwera kwambiri, zosalongosola zambiri zidzapangidwa pamalipiro olakwika pamwamba pa emulsion, momwe zingatheke pamlingo wina, zingayambitse zovuta komanso zokupitira kwa emulsion. Kumbali inayi, katswiri wa calcium iyi ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa sodium mchere (kapena polyphosphate wobalalitsa), ndikupangitsa kuti awafikizedwe ndi kufalikira, ndikupangitsa kuti muchepetse kufalikira, ndikupanga kukula kokulirapo, kapena kukula. Kutentha kwambiri komanso kukwera gwero. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira za kukula kwa bentonite zimadalira ufa kuti uzitenga madzi ndikutulutsa mawonekedwe a thixotropic kwambiri ku maofesi omwe amafunikira zopereka zabwino. Chifukwa chake, a Bentonite okonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mumawu owuma, ndipo ndalama zochepa ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma thinks omwe ali muutoma wotsika kapena wopondaponda. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, deta ina yawonetsa kuti mahemu 'Benthe®lt. Mwamphamvu kusinthidwa ndikuyengedwa bwino ali ndi anti-stomimentation ndi zotsatira za atomination mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera.
(2) Chuma:
Cellulose ndi policle yayikulu yopangidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa β-shuga. Kugwiritsa ntchito magulu a hydroxyl mu mphete ya glucosyl, cellulose imatha kusintha zosiyanasiyana kuti apange zotumphukira. Pakati pawo, kutuluka ndi kusinthika kumapezeka. Cellulose ester kapena cellulose ether ether ether ndi zofunika kwambiri za cellulose kwambiri. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi Carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellouse ndi zina zambiri. Chifukwa carboxymethyl cellulose imakhala ndi mabotolo osungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zotupa zazikulu, motero putty. Kutha kwa madzi kwa methylcellulose nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika pang'ono kuposa kwa hydroxyellulose. Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala chinthu chochepa chofala panthawi yomwe kusungunuka, komwe kumakhudza mawonekedwe ndi malingaliro a filimu yokutidwa, kotero siigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu utoto wa mochedwa. Komabe, kusamvana kwa methyl magazi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa njira zina zama cellulose, motero ndi cellulose thicker yogwiritsidwa ntchito poterera. Hydroxypropyll methylcellulose ndiwomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu gawo la putty, ndipo tsopano limagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu sitementi kapena ma cume-comber. Hydroxyethyl cellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makina apakati pa utoto wa latex chifukwa chosungunuka madzi abwino komanso kusungidwa kwamadzi. Poyerekeza ndi ma cellouse ena, imakhala ndi mphamvu pazamachipatala. Ubwino wa Hydrothyl cellulose imaphatikizapo kupondereza kwakukulu, kulumikizana bwino, kukhazikika kwabwino, komanso kukhazikika kwa mafayilo. Zoyipazo ndi madzi osauka komanso osauka a Spal. Pofuna kukonza zophophonya izi, kusinthidwa kwa hydrophobic kwawonekera. Kugonana Ndi Ma HydroxethyCeloulose (Hec) monga Natirolplus330, 331
(3) Polycaxtlates:
Mu polycaxylattem iyi, kulemera kwa molecular ndi youndana, ndipo kulemera kochepa ndi wobalalitsa. Amakonda mamolekyu amadzi a madsorb m'chisumbu chachikulu cha dongosolo, chomwe chimawonjezera mamasukidwe a gawo; Kuphatikiza apo, amathanso kukhala oyesedwa pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana kuti tipangitse kukula kwa dengule, ndikuwonjezera ma hydration wosanjikiza gawo lamkati la latex. Komabe, mtundu uwu wa Thicker ali ndi luso lalikulu, motero limachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono pakugwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe antchito. Tsopano kufalikira kwamtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukula kwa mawonekedwe a utoto, chifukwa kunenepa kwambiri chifukwa kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndikothandiza kuperekera kuperekera ndi kusungunuka kwa phala la utoto.
(4) Alkali-swecleble Thickener:
Pali mitundu iwiri ya alkali-spalluble: Maluwa wamba alkali ndi othandizira alkali. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo ndiko kusiyana kwa monoment yolumikizidwa yomwe ili mu mawonekedwe a mainchesi. Ophatikiza ma alkali-spaller amakongoletsa ndi opanga ogwirizanitsa omwe angayesere wina ndi mnzake munjira yayikulu, molem-moleculaption amatha kuchitika, ndikupangitsa mamasukidwe a kachitidwe kuti adzuke mwachangu.
a. Evali-Swecleble Sthuckener:
Mtundu waukulu wopanga katundu wa alkali-stleleble tricker ya Alkali ndi Ase-60. Ase-60 makamaka amatenga Copolymerization of Methacrylic acid ndi ethyl acrylate. Pa nthawi ya popsolymerization, methacrylic acid a acid pafupifupi 1/3 ya zinthu zolimba, chifukwa kupezeka kwa magulu a Carboxyl kumapangitsa kuti ma molekyul apangitse chinsanga china cha hydrophilicity. Chifukwa cha kunyamuka kwa milandu, ma unyolo amakulitsidwa, omwe amawonjezera mamasukidwe a kachitidwe ndikupanga kukula. Komabe, nthawi zina ma molecular kulemera kwakukulu ndi chifukwa cha ntchito yolumikizirana. Pa nthawi yowonjezera njira ya ma molecular, unyolo wamtunduwu sunamwakere nthawi yochepa. Panthawi yosungirako nthawi yayitali, mawonekedwe a mabolecular amatambasulidwa pang'onopang'ono, omwe amabweretsa kukula kwa ma vinya. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa pali monorophhobic monomers ocheperako amtundu wamtunduwu, sizophweka kutulutsa kusintha kwa mamolekyulu, kotero kuti sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri, kotero sizigwiritsidwa ntchito nokha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuphatikiza ndi ena okuba.
b. Association (Concord) mtundu wa alkali alkali amatupa Thickener:
Mtundu wamtunduwu tsopano uli ndi mitundu yambiri chifukwa chakusankhidwa kwa coomemers ndi kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake kake. Kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kamapangidwanso ndi methacrylic acid ndi ethyl acrytete, ndipo mokomer monomers ali ngati tinyanga pa kapangidwe kake, koma kuchuluka kochepa chabe. Ndiwo mokongola mogwirizana monga mahema a Octopus omwe amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa kukula kwa Thicker. Gulu la Carboxyl lomwe lili mu kapangidwe kalikonse ndilopanga bwino komanso lamchere, ndipo unyolo umakhalanso ngati kukula wamba kwa alkali. Kunyadiranso komweko kumachitika, kotero kuti mabwalo azongulumwa. Onomer Onomer omwe akugwirizana nawonso akufalikira ndi manyolo ophatikizika, koma kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi maunyolo a hydrophobic owoneka bwino, kotero mawonekedwe akuluakulu a Micrekelar ofanana ndi mamolekyulu. Miceline iyi imapangidwa ndi ma ADSORRESS COASTOmers, ndipo mayanjana ena okongola adsorb wina ndi mzake kudzera mu zokuza za emulsion tinthu (kapena tinthu tina). Mitimayo itapangidwa, imakonza tinthu ta emulsion, ma tinthu a Molecule tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena tinthu tinanso. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mtundu uwu wa Thickener, makamaka mu utoto wa mochedwa ndi emulsion zokhala ndi emulsion, ndipamwamba kwambiri kuposa utoto wamba wa alkali, motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu utoto wa lamba. Woyimira wamkulu wamtunduwu ndi TT-935.
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Nthawi zambiri, otumphuka amakhala ndi kulemera kwambiri kwa cellouse (monga ma cellose acid), ndipo unyolo wawo umatambasulidwa mu njira yamadzi yotsetsereka. Kulemera kwa polyirethane (kapena Polyther) ndikochepa kwambiri, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kuyanjana kudzera mu mphamvu ya vatchilic, koma mayanjano awa akhoza kupangidwa pansi pa mphamvu yakunja. Kupatukana, poyankha mawitiwo, ali ndi mwayi wokhazikitsa filimu yokutidwa, kuti ithe kusewera gawo la wothandizira. Mphamvu yamphamvu ikachotsedwa, imatha kuyambiranso kuyanjana mwachangu, komanso mafayilo a makinawo. Izi ndizopindulitsa kuchepetsa mafakisoni ndikuwonjezera pakumanga; Ndipo pambuyo pa chingwe chokhotakhota chotayika, mafayilo adzabwezeretsedwa mwachangu kuti achulukitse makulidwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito zothandiza, timakhala ndi nkhawa zambiri za kukula kwa mabatani ophatikizira ophatikizidwa ndi ma polimer emulsions. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chatchmex tomwe timatenga nawo mbali mu mayanjano a dongosololo, kuti mtundu wokhazikika komanso wodetsa ukhalenso wokulirapo (kapena wodetsa) ngati wotsika kuposa ndende yake; Pamene ndende yamtunduwu yolimbitsa thupi ndi yopanga ikakhala yokwera kuposa momwe imakhalira ndi ndende yamadzi oyera, imatha kupanga mayanjano okha, ndipo maviyidwe amakwera mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, pamene mtundu uwu wa ukulu ndi wodekha ndiwotsika kuposa ndende yake, chifukwa chocheperako cha matelex amatenga nawo mbali pamagulu omwe aku Emulsion, ndipo mavituwo achulukitsa kuchuluka kwa emulsion. Kuphatikiza apo, ena omwe amabalalitsa (kapena acrylic) amakhala ndi zida za hydrophobic, ndi magulu awo a hydrophobic amalumikizana ndi oureurethane, kuti makinawa apangitse kukula kwa netiweki.
2. Zotsatira zosiyanasiyana pamadzi olekanitsidwa ndi madzi a penti ya latex
Kupanga kapangidwe ka zojambula zochokera m'madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito ma trickers ndi cholumikizira chofunikira kwambiri, chomwe chikugwirizana ndi zinthu zambiri zojambula za latex, monga kapangidwe kake, kukongoletsa ndi mawonekedwe. Apa tikuyang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa otsatsa posungira utoto wa latex. Kuchokera pamwambapa, titha kudziwa kuti Betenite ndi Polycahoxylates: Otsatsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu zokutira zapadera, zomwe sizingafotokozedwe pano. Timakambirana kwambiri za cellulose yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kutupa kwa alkali, ndi polyrethane (kapena polyther) okuza, okha komanso kuphatikiza, kumakhudza kupendekeka kwa madzi aposachedwa.
Ngakhale amakula ndi hydroxyethyl cellose yokha ndiyofunika kwambiri pakupatukana kwamadzi, ndikosavuta kuyambitsa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kwa kukula kwa ma alkali akukula sikunaletse madzi ndi mpweya koma wokulirapo pambuyo poti. Kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kwa polyirethane kukukulira, ngakhale kupatukana kwamadzi ndikusinthasintha sikuli kofunikira, koma mpweya womwe umapangidwa ndi zovuta komanso zovuta kusokoneza. Ndipo imatengera hydrothyl cellulose ndi alkali akupindika kwambiri, osakula, osakhazikika, palibe madzi okwanira. Komabe, hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi polyirethaine amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunenepa, kulekanitsidwa kwamadzi ndikofunikira kwambiri, koma palibe zovuta. Kukula kwa Alkali-Swerelleble ndi polyirethab kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi, ngakhale kulekanitsidwa kwamadzi sikusiyana pamadzi, koma kutaya pansi, ndipo mawonekedwe pansi ndi kovuta kusokoneza. Ndipo womaliza amagwiritsa ntchito ma hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi kutupa kwa alkalini ndi poulyurethane kukula kwa boma popanda kudzipatula komanso kupatukana kwamadzi. Itha kuwoneka kuti mu ma aclsion oyengeka ndi mphamvu ya acdrobiccity, ndizovuta kwambiri kuthira gawo la madzi ndi hydrophilic hydrolthyl cellulose, koma imatha kusunthidwa mosavuta. Kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kwa hydrophobic alkali akutupa ndi poureurethane (kapena kupondaponda kwawo) Kugwiritsa ntchito cellulose ndi poureurethane kumakula, chifukwa chakusiyana kwambiri mu hydrophilic ndi lipophilic mfundo zazikulu kwambiri komanso mpweya wabwino komanso wosavuta kuvutira. Fomula yomaliza imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a madzi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma hydrophilic ndi lipophilic. Zachidziwikire, munjira yeniyeni ya fomula, mitundu ya emulsions ndi kunyowa ndikunyowa ndi kusutsa othandizira ndi ma hydrophilic ndi lipophilic ziyeneranso kuganiziridwanso. Pokhapokha atakhala ndi malire pokhapokha dongosololi lizikhala mu Thermdynamic ofanana ndipo ali ndi madzi abwino.
Munjira yamphamvu, kukula kwa gawo lamadzi nthawi zina nthawi zina kumayenderana ndi mafayilo a gawo lamafuta. Mwachitsanzo, timakhulupirira kuti ma traulose okulirapo ndi gawo lamadzi, koma cellulose imagawidwa mu gawo lamadzi
Post Nthawi: Feb-14-2025