1. Mwachidule
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ndi polysaride yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chakudya, mankhwala opangira mankhwala, zodzoladzola, kuchotsera mafuta ndi pepala la mafuta. Katundu wofunikira wa cmc ndi ma visctoni ake, koma pamapulogalamu othandiza, ma viscnce nthawi zambiri amafunika kuwongolera kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zina ndi zogwirira ntchito.
2. Kapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a ma cmc
CMC ndi chotupa cha carboxymet chotupa cha cellulose, ndipo mawonekedwe ake a maselo ake amatsimikizira kuti amawoneka bwino. Makulidwe a cmc amatengera kulemera kwake, digiri ya zolowetsa (DS), ndi kutentha ndi ph pa yankho. Kulemera kwambiri molecular ndi ds yayitali nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera mamasukidwe a cmc, pomwe kutentha kokwezeka ndi mikhalidwe yopumira kungachepetse kuwoneka.
3. Maziko a zotsatira za zowonjezera pa CMC
3.1 electrolyte zotsatira
Eleyalyte, monga mchere (Nacl, KCL, CCL₂, etc.), imatha kuchepetsa mafayilo a CMC. Elema electrolytes akupindika mu madzi m'madzi, omwe amatha kutchingira kuti abwezeretse ma unyolo a CMC molecular, kuchepetsa unyolo, ndikuchepetsa ufa wa yankho.
Ionic mphamvu: Kuchulukitsa mphamvu ya ionic mu yankho kumatha kusokoneza ma molekyulu a CMC, ndikuchepetsa unyolo wapakati pa mamolekyulu, ndikuchepetsa unyolo kwambiri, ndikuchepetsa utuyo.
Zotsatira zokhudzana ndi zovuta zambiri: mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza magulu olakwika pamamolekyulu angapo cmc, amatha kulowererapo molekyu ndikupanga ma stantrals, potero kuthetsa mafayilo.
3.2 Zosintha Zowopsa
Kuphatikiza polar-polar ortic kapena por-ethanol ndi pro propyol) imatha kusintha portity yankho la madzi am'madzi ndikuchepetsa mamolekyulu a cmc ndi mamolekyulu. Kuyanjana pakati pa mamolekyulu a solvent ndi mamolekyulu a cmc amathanso kusintha magwiridwe antchito a maselo, potero kuchepetsa mafayilo.
Kuchitapo kanthu: Madzi osungunuka amatha kusintha makonzedwe a mamolekyulu amadzi mu yankho, kotero kuti hydrophilic gawo la mamolekyulu a CMC amakulungidwa ndi zosungunulira, kufooketsa zokutira kwa manyolo a mabwalo ndikuchepetsa ufa.
3.3 p
CMC ndi acid ofowoka, ndipo kusintha mu pH kumatha kukhudza boma lake komanso kusanjana. Pansi pa acidic mikhalidwe yamagulu a cmc mamolekyulu amakhala osalowerera ndale, amachepetsa zonyansa. Pansi pa miliri ya Alkaline, ngakhale kuti ndalama zimawonjezera, kuyamwa kwambiri kumatha kutsogolera ku deolelmerization ya maselo a stalecular, motero kuchepetsa mafayilo.
Isooelectric point: Pansi pa malo a isoelertric point of CMC (PH ≈ 4.5), misonkhano ya unni ya ma molecular ndi otsika, ndikuchepetsa kutengera mamasukidwe.
3.4 Enzymatic hydrolysis
Michere inayake (monga cellase) imatha kudula masentimita a masentimita, potero kuchepetsa ma vinyawo. Enzymatic hydrolysis ndi njira inayake kwambiri yomwe imatha kuwongolera mawonekedwe.
Makina a enzymatic hydrolysis: ma enzymes hydrolyze zomangira za glycosidic pa cmc molecular unyolo, ndikuchepetsa kutalika kwa ma molecular tcheni ndi mafayilo a yankho.
4.. Zowonjezera Zowonjezera ndi Ntchito Zawo
4.1 infinic mchere
Sodium chloride (nacl): kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani azakudya kuti asinthe kapangidwe ka chakudya pochepetsa ufa wa CMC.
Calcium chloride (CACL₂): Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kumasinthidwe kuti musinthe mafayilo a madzi obowola, omwe amathandizira kunyamula mabowo ndikukhazikika kukhoma.
4.2 Acids Organic
Acetic acid (acetic acid): ogwiritsidwa ntchito modzola kusintha mamasukidwe a cmc kuti asinthe mapangidwe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Citric acid: yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya kuti isinthe acidity ndi alkalinity ya yankho kuti ikwaniritse mafayilo.
4.3
Ethanol: Wogwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala opangira mankhwala ndi zodzoladzola kuti asinthe mafayilo a cmc kuti apeze zinthu zoyenera zopangidwa.
Pulogalamu: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mafakitale kuti muchepetse mafayilo a cmc kuti ayende mosavuta komanso kukonza.
4.4 ma enzyme
Cellus: Kugwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera mawu kuti muchepetse mafayilo a slorry, kupanga zokutira ndi kusindikiza yunifolomu yambiri.
Amylase: Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pampando wamagalimoto kuti asinthe ma viniyo kuti asinthe ma cmc kuti azolowere ndi zosowa za zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
5. Zinthu zomwe zikukhudza kugwira ntchito kwa zowonjezera
Kuthandiza kwa zowonjezera kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa masentimita ndi digiri yolowa m'malo mwa CMC, koyambirira kwa njira yothetsera vutoli, kutentha, komanso kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina.
Kulemera kwa masentimita: CMC yokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kumafuna kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri mamasukidwe.
Ma digiri ya zolowa m'malo: CMC yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwazolowa sikumangodziwa zowonjezera ndipo zingafune mikhalidwe yamphamvu kapena zowonjezera zapamwamba.
Kutentha kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kugwira ntchito kwa zowonjezera, koma kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuyambitsa kuchepa kapena kusintha kwa zowonjezera.
Zosakaniza: Zosakaniza zina (monga okonda, otuwa, etc.) zingakhudze luso la zowonjezera ndipo zimafunikira kuganiziridwa bwino.
6. Malangizo amtsogolo
Kafukufukuyu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuchepetsa ufawo kwa CMC ikuyenda kulowera kubiriwira komanso kosatha. Kupanga zowonjezera zatsopano ndi bwino komanso zoopsa zochepa, kukwaniritsa zochitika za Nanotechnology ndi malingaliro anzeru mu CMC Chuma.
Zowonjezera zobiriwira: yang'anani mwachilengedwe kapena zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti muchepetse mphamvu zachilengedwe.
Nanotechnology: Gwiritsani ntchito njira yothandiza komanso njira yapadera ya nanomatadium kuwongolera mafayilo a CMC.
Ma Smart Omvera: Kuchulukitsa zowonjezera zomwe zingayankhe ku chilengedwe (monga kutentha, Ph, kuwala, ndi zina) kuti mukwaniritse lamulo la cmc.
Zowonjezera zimatenga gawo lofunikira pakukonzanso mavidiyo a CMC. Mwa kusankha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera, zosowa za mafakitale osiyanasiyana komanso zinthu zina zimatha kukwaniritsidwa. Komabe, kuti tikwaniritse kukula, kafukufuku wamtsogolo ayenera kuganizira za kukula kwa zobiriwira komanso zowonjezera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano m'magulu a Vience.
Post Nthawi: Feb-17-2025