Kodi cellose yotsekemera ndi ziti?

Cellulose yoletsedwa cell ndi gulu losiyanasiyana ndi mafakitale ofunikira kuchokera ku cellulose, imodzi mwazinthu zochulukirapo padziko lapansi. Izi zimapangidwa ndi kusintha mankhwala kwa magulu a hydroxyl (-Oh) ya msana wa cellulose, zomwe zimapangitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mankhwala am'madzi, chakudya, malonda osamalira aumwini, zida zomangira, zolembedwa, ndi zina zambiri.

Kapangidwe ka cellulose:
Cellulose ndi mzere polysaccharide wopangidwa kuti ubweretse zigawo za shuga wolumikizidwa ndi β-1,4-glycosidic. Magawo obwereza amakhala ndi magulu atatu a hydroxyl pa ulalo wa shuga aliyense, womwe umapangitsa kuti cellulose ikhale ndi hydrophilic kwambiri komanso imagwera masinthidwe osiyanasiyana.

Kapangidwe ka cellulose yoletsedwa:
Kaphatikizo wa cellulose yoletsedwa kwa celluse yokhudza magulu ambiri ogwira ntchito pamagulu a hydroxyl a msana wa cellulose. Njira zofala zosinthira izi zimaphatikizapo kukonzekera komanso kutuluka.

Zochita zosintha zimakhudzanso magulu a ma hydroxyl magulu omwe ali ndi magulu a alkyl kapena Aryl kuti apange ziwonetsero za ether. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha alkyl hallides, alkyl sulficy kapena alkyl etter munthawi yoyenera. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu izi zimaphatikizapo methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, ndi benzyl chloride.

Kutulutsa, kumbali ina, kumaphatikizapo kulowetsa gulu la hydroxyl ndi gulu la acyl kuti apange ezster. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa chochita ndi acid chlorides, manjenje kapena ma asidi pamaso pa othandizira. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito othandizira pamavuto awa ndi acetic telhydride, acetyl chloride, ndi mafuta acids.

Mitundu ya cellulose yoletsedwa:
Methyl cellulose (MC):

Methylcellulose imapangidwa ndi kusinthika kwa cellulose ndi methyl chloride.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati thiccener, ribiface ndi emulsifier m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza chakudya, mankhwala opangira mankhwala ndi zinthu zomwe amasamalira.
MC imapanga gel osamveka bwino ndikuwonetsa machitidwe a pseudoplactic, ndikupanga kukhala koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe ofunikira kuwongolera mafayilo.
Hydroxyethylcelulose (hec):

Volroxyathyl cellulose imapangidwa ndi kusinthika kwa cellulose ndi ethylene oxide.
Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thicker, zomatira komanso makanema opanga mafilimu mu zokutira, zodzoladzola, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena.
Hec imapereka mawonekedwe a pseudoplastic ku yankho ndipo limapereka malo osungitsa bwino.
Hydroxypropyllulose (hpc):

Hydroxypyl cellulose imapangidwa ndi kusinthika kwa cellulose ndi ma propsyne oxide.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thiccener, wokhazikika ndi womangirira mu mankhwala opanga mankhwala, makamaka mu ma piritsi ndi makina otulutsidwa-mankhwala omasulira.
HPC ili ndi katundu wa bormogulling, ndikupanga ma gels pamatenthedwe kwambiri.
Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC):

Carboxymethylcellulose ndi kusinthika kwa cellulose ndi sodium monochloroceaceatetate pansi pa mikhalidwe ya alkalinine.
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati thiccener, gwiritsite ndi emulsifier mu chakudya, kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale komanso mafakitale.
CMC imapatsa ma viscction ndi mizere yopenda yofunika yankho ndi mitundu yokhazikika yothetsera colloidal.
Ethyl hydroththyl cellulose (Ehec):

Ethyl hydrothyl cellulose ndi ethelu yofalitsidwa, yomwe imapangidwa ndi cellulocation yotsatizana ndi cellulose ndi ethyl chloride.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thicker, rheology okhazikika komanso filimu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza zokutira, zomata komanso zinthu zosamalira payekha.
Ehec ali ndi madzi apamwamba amadzi komanso kuphatikizidwa kuposa momwe amathandizira.
Makhalidwe a cellulose yogawika:
Mphamvu ya cellulose yoletsedwa imasiyana malinga ndi zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa kulowetsa, kunenepa kwa manyowa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zotsatirazi:

Hydrophilicity: Oletsedwa cellose oders ndi hydrophilic chifukwa cha magulu a magulu a hydroxyl omwe ali kapangidwe ka Hydroxyl m'mapangidwe awo, omwe amawalola kuyanjana ndi mamolekyulu a hydrogen.

Kukula ndi kuphatikizira: Ma cellulose oyambitsidwa amakhala ndi kukula kwamphamvu ndi kuwonda, zomwe zimapangitsa kupanga ma virus kapena ma gels pa hydration. Makulidwe a kukweza ndi nyonga ya gel ya gel imadalira zinthu monga polymer kuzunzika komanso kulemera kwa maselo.

Mapangidwe a makanema: Ma cellose olowa m'malo a celluse amatha kupanga mafilimu omveka bwino ndipo osungunuka akachotsedwa mu yankho. Katunduyu ali ndi zabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga zophatikizira, zomata, ndi njira zolekanitsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Kukhazikika: Kugawika cellulose etrars kumawonetsa kukhazikika kwa pH ndi kutentha. Amalimbana ndi kuchepa kwa microb komanso enzymatic hydrolysis, ndikuwapangitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Khalidwe la Rheogical: Cellulose yoletsedwa cellulose nthawi zambiri limawonetsa ma preeudoplastic kapena miseche, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma viscy awo amachepetsa nkhawa. Katunduyu ndi wofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito woyenera kusintha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito.

Mapulogalamu a cellulose yogawika:
Cellulose yoletsedwa cell imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale chifukwa cha zinthu zawo zamankhwala. Mapulogalamu ena ofunikira akuphatikizapo:

Makampani ogulitsa zakudya: cellulose yoletsedwa kwa cellose monga carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati oterera, okhazikika ndi mavanjezi ndi zinthu zamkaka. Amasinthanitsa kapangidwe kake, kukhazikika komanso kamwa pomwe mukukweza moyo.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo: opatsirana celloulose amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamitundu yopanga mankhwala ngati omanga, osagwirizana ndi othandizira kumasulira m'mapiritsi, makapisozi ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba. Amathandiza kubereka mankhwala, bioavailability ndi kuleza mtima.

Zogulitsa Zaumwini: Sinthani cellulose etralose ndi zosankha zopangidwa ndi ma shampoos, zodzola ndi zozitikira. Amathandizira kukhazikika kwa malonda, mawonekedwe ndi malingaliro.

Zipangizo zomangira: Ma cellulose ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera m'magulu monga simenti, zinthu zopangidwa ndi gypsum kuti zithandizire kugwirira ntchito, kutengedwa madzi. Amayendetsa magwiridwe antchito ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthuzi.

Zolemba: Sinthani cellulose edzonda yosindikiza ndi kumaliza njira kuti ithandizire kuwongolera, kutsatira ndikutsuka. Amathandizira ngakhale kuwonongeka kwa utoto ndi utoto pazinthu zolembedwa.

Kufananira ndi mafuta: Sinthani cellulose et monga ma viscosiers ndi ma virus osiya madzi obowola kuti athandize bwino ntchito ndi chitetezo cha mafuta.